If you’ve used PVC cement or glue, you will know it smells. There are maximum levels of VOC (volatile organic compounds allowed within what people breathe. Using PVC glue would undesirably release VOCs in the air the patient inspires.
Also it is easier to replace the exhalation valve quickly if it fails while a patient is being ventilated if we can just twist the POVC assembly apart to replace an exhalation valve if it fails unexpectedly or on schedule as it approaches its MTBF.